What Is a Wireless Access Point? Everything to Know About WAPs

• Wireless Access Points (WAPs) expand Wi-Fi coverage, eliminate dead zones, and improve stability for multiple devices in large or obstructed spaces.
• WAPs are ideal for homes, offices and public areas, offering improved network capacity, security features and seamless connectivity.
• WAPs come in various types, are easy to set up and can be tailored to specific environments for optimal performance.

Having reliable and high-quality Wi-Fi coverage is as necessary as owning a smartphone. A wireless access point (WAP) is a significant part of expanding the reach and improving the performance of Wi-Fi everywhere you access it, from home to office to public spaces. What is a WAP? In this guide, we go over what exactly WAP networking is, the benefits of a WAP and how to choose one.

An Overview of Wireless Access Points

1. What Is a Wireless Access Point (WAP)?
2. How Do Wireless Access Points Work?
3. What Are Wireless Access Points Used for?
4. Benefits of Using Wireless Access Points
5. Types of Access Points
6. Setting up a Wireless Access Point
7. Wireless Access Points vs. Other Wi-Fi Devices

What Is a Wireless Access Point (WAP)?

A wireless access point – commonly referred to by its acronym, WAP – is a networking device that allows Wi-Fi-enabled devices to connect to a wired network. A WAP works as an intermediary between a wired network (like through an Ethernet) and Wi-Fi devices to extend network coverage areas where a router might fall short.

Below are the main features of WAPs:

• Boost Signal: WAPs create additional hotspots to stabilize network coverage in large or complex spaces.
• Connect Multiple Devices: WAPs handle multiple devices simultaneously, providing better network stability.
• Enhance Security: WAPs offer security options such as WPA3 encryption and firewall settings.
• Help With Network Management: WAPs, particularly in business settings, are equipped with features such as monitoring, user controls and data analysis.

WAP vs. Wi-Fi Router: What’s the Difference?

WAPs are often mistaken for Wi-Fi routers, but they have different functions. A router provides internet connectivity and controls data traffic across the network. A WAP extends wireless coverage so devices can connect to a network without additional routing functions. Some newer routers have built-in WAP functionality, but stand-alone WAPs also are used for large networks that need more coverage.

How Do Wireless Access Points Work?

WAPs receive data from a router via a wired Ethernet connection and then broadcast a Wi-Fi signal. Any device within range can connect to the signal. WAPs can be used in homes and large businesses to extend Wi-Fi coverage without requiring additional routers. The devices can be strategically placed in different areas, including outdoor spaces, to provide seamless Wi-Fi coverage.

Here’s how WAPs connect, transmit signals and transfer data:

1. Connecting to the Network: A WAP plugs into a router via an Ethernet cable. This connection allows the WAP to receive data from the wired network and transmit it wirelessly.
2. Transmitting Wi-Fi Signals: Once connected, the WAP broadcasts a Wi-Fi signal across the designated area. This signal is similar to that of a router, allowing Wi-Fi-enabled devices to connect to the network. The WAP broadcasts radio frequency signals (2.4 GHz or 5 GHz) that mobile phones, laptops and other devices detect and connect to. This Wi-Fi signal coverage can be adjusted based on the WAP’s placement, antenna strength and type (indoor or outdoor).
3. Transfering Data and Communication: When a device, such as a smartphone, connects to the WAP’s signal, the data sent from the device travels through the WAP and over the Ethernet cable to the network router. The router then directs the data to its intended destination and travels both ways. When information is sent back to the device, it moves through the router, back to the WAP and reaches the device via the Wi-Fi signal.
4. Roaming and Seamless Connectivity: In large spaces where multiple WAPs are installed, devices can roam from one WAP to another without losing connectivity. For instance, in office buildings or educational institutions, you can walk from one floor to another, seamlessly connecting to the nearest WAP without a network interruption.

WAP Networking in Modern Networks Explained

WAPs do much more than just provide extra Wi-Fi coverage. They’re the backbone of modern enterprise networking. In larger environments like offices, schools and hospitals, WAPs are deployed in clusters and managed through centralized controllers. These controllers handle essential functions:

• Network segmentation with VLANs (Virtual Local Area Networks): WAPs can assign devices to different VLANs based on rules (like staff vs. guests), keeping traffic secure and organized.
• Seamless roaming: Protocols like IEEE 802.11r allow devices to switch between WAPs without dropping calls or interrupting video streams. This is critical for mobile workers and healthcare devices.
• Load balancing: Controllers can automatically direct users to less congested access points, ensuring a smooth experience even during peak traffic.

What Are Wireless Access Points Used for?

The adaptability of WAPs makes them useful in a wide range of environments, from small homes to sprawling commercial facilities. WAPs are commonly used in:

• Homes: For households with a lot of square footage, thick walls or multiple floors, a single Wi-Fi router doesn’t always provide adequate coverage. A WAP installed in distant or challenging areas such as basements, attics or outdoor patios ensures Wi-Fi coverage reaches every corner. Families with multiple devices and heavy streaming needs, such as online gaming, video conferencing and content streaming, will find a WAP useful to prevent slow connectivity.
• Office Spaces: WAPs particularly can benefit offices with multiple floors, conference rooms and workstations. Installing WAPs throughout an office ensures even Wi-Fi distribution so all employees, visitors and devices stay connected.
• Public Areas: Airports, hotels, coffee shops and shopping malls use WAPs to provide guests with reliable internet access. Guests can move freely without network interruptions, which is essential for a positive user experience, especially in customer-facing environments.
• Educational Institutions: Schools and universities with multiple buildings or expansive campuses rely on WAPs to keep students, faculty and staff connected. WAPs are placed throughout lecture halls, libraries, dorms and common areas to ensure everyone can access educational resources and communicate without interruptions.
• Healthcare Facilities: Hospitals, clinics and healthcare providers use WAPs to enable staff to use wireless devices for medical records, patient monitoring and real-time communication.
• IoT and Smart Homes: WAPs make it possible to connect dozens (or even hundreds) of devices (from smart sensors and cameras to lighting and HVAC systems) without overwhelming a single router.
• Retail and Hospitality: Stores, hotels and restaurants use WAPs to provide seamless Wi-Fi for customers, support POS systems and run back-end operations.

The cost for WAP networking varies depending on its use. Here’s how much WAP networks generally cost based on the environment.

Benefits of Using Wireless Access Points

WAPs provide numerous benefits no matter where they’re installed. Here are some of the greatest advantages:

• Expanded Wi-Fi Coverage: WAP significantly extends Wi-Fi reach, reducing dead zones and ensuring stronger connections in remote areas.
• Enhanced Network Capacity: WAPs help distribute network traffic and reduce congestion. In places with numerous devices, such as offices or public spaces, a WAP can manage multiple connections simultaneously, preventing bottlenecks and improving overall network performance.
• Improved Network Stability: Spreading device load across multiple WAPs creates a more stable network. This feature is essential for businesses and institutions where interruptions can hinder productivity or compromise the experience.
• Secure Access Management: WAPs are equipped with advanced security features such as WPA3 encryption, user authentication and guest networks. These features help secure the network, keeping unauthorized users out while protecting the data of those connected.
• Roaming and Mobility: WAPs are instrumental in providing seamless roaming. With multiple WAPs in place, you can move from one area to another, automatically connecting to the closest WAP.
• Outdoor Connectivity and Durability: Outdoor WAPs extend Wi-Fi beyond the building, making it accessible in outdoor areas like patios, courtyards or parks. These WAPs are built to withstand harsh weather conditions.

Types of Access Points

Wireless access points come in various types, each tailored to specific environments and needs. Understanding the distinctions is essential for choosing the right type of WAP, which can improve network performance, coverage and management.

Indoor WAP

Indoor WAPs are commonly used in homes, offices and other indoor settings. These access points are designed to provide Wi-Fi coverage within enclosed spaces, extending the reach of your router’s signal. Examples include access points in multistory office buildings or homes needing additional signal strength on different floors.

Outdoor WAP

Outdoor WAPs are built to withstand environmental elements such as rain, heat and dust. They’re used in open areas such as parks, stadiums or outdoor event venues to ensure visitors have continuous internet access.

Controller-Based Access Point

Controller-based access points are ideal for larger networks, such as hospitals and educational institutions. These access points are managed through a central controller, which makes it easy to monitor and configure multiple WAPs across different locations. The controller also allows network administrators to implement consistent security policies across the network.

Stand-Alone Access Point

Stand-alone WAPs operate independently without the need for a centralized controller, making them ideal for smaller setups or home use. These access points are straightforward to set up and configure, though they might lack the advanced network management features found in controller-based systems.

Cloud-Managed Access Point

Cloud-managed WAPs allow for remote monitoring and management through a cloud-based dashboard. These access points are popular for businesses that want the flexibility of managing multiple WAPs across different sites. With cloud-managed WAPs, IT administrators can configure, monitor and troubleshoot WAPs from anywhere.

Setting up a Wireless Access Point

Setting up a WAP is a straightforward process, but it’s essential to follow specific steps to ensure optimal performance and security. While the exact setup may vary depending on the WAP model, here are the general steps and key considerations for installing a WAP:

1. Position the WAP in an area where it can best extend the router’s signal. To maximize efficiency, place it in common dead zones.
2. Connect the WAP to your router or network switch using an Ethernet cable.
3. Access the WAP’s setup interface through a web browser or mobile app. Follow the manufacturer’s setup instructions.
4. Configure your preferred security settings to ensure a secure connection.
5. Once set up, test the connection to confirm that the WAP is providing coverage as expected.

Watch our video explaining the steps below:

Wireless Access Points vs. Other Wi-Fi Devices

If you’re wondering how WAPs compare to other Wi-Fi devices such as routers and extenders, the chart below gives a side-by-side comparison.

Frequently Asked Questions About Wireless Access Points

Is a wireless access point the same as a Wi-Fi extender?

A WAP and a Wi-Fi extender serve different purposes for extending Wi-Fi. A WAP connects directly to the main router through an Ethernet cable, while a Wi-Fi extender captures the existing Wi-Fi signal and rebroadcasts it. Extenders may have a slightly reduced speed and strength, as they don’t create a new network.

Can a wireless access point be used as a router?

A WAP can’t function as a router, as the two devices have separate roles within the network. While a router manages and directs internet traffic between devices and the internet, a WAP extends or creates a wireless network within an existing network. A WAP lacks the routing and network management capabilities a router has because it depends on a router to assign IP addresses and direct data flow.

Can I connect an access point directly to a modem?

You can connect an access point directly to a modem, but it won’t provide the same functionality as a router-modem setup. While the WAP will enable wireless connectivity, it won’t route or assign IP addresses, which are functions managed by a router. As a result, the network would lack essential functions like firewall protection and dynamic IP address assignment.

Do you need cable for access points?

Wireless access points require an Ethernet cable to connect to a router, which allows them to send and receive data over the network. This connection provides the WAP with the internet signal it needs to broadcast Wi-Fi.

How much does a WAP cost?

The cost of WAPs varies greatly depending on your use and the size of your space. The price ranges between $80 and $1,000. For example, households would pay much less for WAPs than large businesses due to differences in the size of the spaces.

Is a WAP better than mesh Wi-Fi?

Neither option is strictly better than the other; it depends on your setup. A WAP is ideal for businesses or large spaces with Ethernet cabling, offering stable connections, advanced features and scalability. Mesh Wi-Fi is designed for homes and smaller offices, providing easy, whole-home coverage without complex setup.